Implementation of PRESENT Algorithm on Contactless Access Control using Raspberry Pi

This research develops a contactless and secure access control system based on face recognition and body temperature measurement. This research aims to establish a security system that also fulfills health protocols for COVID-19 spreading, in this case, the limitation of physical contact. The PRESENT algorithm, a lightweight block cipher encryption-decryption algorithm, is implemented to keep the transmitted data safe. The face recognition method consists of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm and LBPH face recognition algorithm. The body temperature is measured using a contactless sensor. The performance tests show the accuracies of recognizing faces are 68% under 198 Lux lighting and 52% under 105 Lux lighting. The precision of measuring body temperature using the sensor reaches 98,85%. Based on the sniffing attack test of the system, the encrypted data transmitted from the system to the web-based database is safe from attackers. Besides the face spoofing attack tests, the system will not authenticate attackers with face photos or face videos. © 2022 IEEE.

Differentiating Functional Tic-Like Movements from Tourette-Related Tics

Functional tic-like movements or functional tic-like behaviours are functional symptoms that look like tics. There has been a sudden rise in these movements coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, prior to which functional tic-like movements were considered very uncommon. As a tertiary specialist Tourette clinic, we have seen our referrals multiply. The referring clinicians often diagnose these young people with Tourette syndrome. We want to describe the differentiating features between Tourette-related (typical) tics and functional tic-like movements based on our experience in London, with the help of data we have collected in a large number of adolescents and through the help of videos (both of typical tics and those of functional tic-like movements). We will also discuss some of the underlying factors that explain the rise of functional tic-like movements in young people. The main differentiating features of functional tics in our clinic (similar to other international specialist tic centres whom we collaborate with) are: (1) The comparatively late age of onset of functional movements (in adolescence) instead of (age 4-7 years) in Tourette-related/typical tics. (2) Change in prevalence by sex (F > M);majority cases are females in our clinic, in contrast the sex ratio in typical tics/Tourette is M > F (4:1). (3) A very abrupt onset over one to a few days in most cases. (4) Presence of complex motor and vocal behaviours, in fact complex tics being more common than typical tics (which is not the case in typical Tics). (5) Prominent involvement of the upper limbs (as opposed to movements starting in the eyes or face or minor sniffing or throat clearing). (6) A significant variability in movements and other symptoms depending upon the environment. We will discuss phenomenology of movements and why it may be better to describe these presentations as functional tic-like movements or behaviours rather than as functional-tics.

PHENOBARBITAL-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY

SESSION TITLE: Drug-Induced and Associated Critical Care Cases Posters 2 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a well-known occurrence from a variety of different medications. However, phenobarbital (PHB) induced hepatotoxicity has not been well studied, and acute liver injury from PHB even less so. In this case, although our patient had many reasons to develop acute liver failure, including alcohol and toluene exposure, timing and investigations seem to point to PHB being responsible. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient is a 39 y.o male with past medical history significant for hepatitis A and B, hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse who was found unresponsive by EMS after friends reported witnessing patient drinking alcohol and sniffing paint thinner. Patient remained unresponsive on arrival and was intubated and transferred to the MICU. Patient was afebrile with BP 100/55 and otherwise normal vital signs. Significant labs on presentation included a WBC of 8.15, CO2 of 16, lactic acid of 3.6 and mildly elevated transaminases (ALT: 59, AST: 48). Urine toxicology was positive for marijuana. EKG, chest x-ray and CT Head without contrast unremarkable. COVID negative. Video EEG was negative except for generalized slowing. On hospital day 3, patient was increasingly agitated, at which point phenobarbital was started due to concerns for alcohol withdrawal. Hepatic function panel the following mornings showed significant increases in transaminases (ALT: 972 and 5,746, AST: 790 and 4,805) and total bilirubin (6.8 and 11.4), and mild increase in alkaline phosphatase (112 and 125), respectively. Hepatitis panel, acetaminophen level and salicylate level were unremarkable. RUQ ultrasound was also negative for pathology. Gastroenterology was consulted, who recommended starting NAC protocol. Phenobarbital was discontinued. Hepatic function panel the following morning showed significant improvement. Liver transplant was considered, however LFTs continued to downtrend and remainder of hospital course was unremarkable. DISCUSSION: PHB is an anticonvulsant developed primarily for seizure management. However its use has expanded to alcohol withdrawal and even sedative withdrawal. Studies have demonstrated in vitro liver toxicity as well as idiosyncratic reactions and acute liver failure in children (1) (2), with minimal documentation in adults. And while there has even been histological analysis with linkage of chronic phenobarbital use to hepatic necrosis and granulomatous formation (3), there has been minimal documentation regarding acute liver failure in an adults taking phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is clear that phenobarbital played a significant role in this patient's liver injury and may need to be considered in future episodes of acute liver injury with unclear etiology. Reference #1: Li AM, Nelson EA, Hon EK, Cheng FW, Chan DF, Sin NC, Ma KC, Cheung KL, Fok TF. Hepatic failure in a child with anti-epileptic hypersensitivity syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005 Apr;41(4):218-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00591.x. PMID: 15813878;PMCID: PMC7166358. Reference #2: Roberts EA, Spielberg SP, Goldbach M, Phillips MJ. Phenobarbital hepatotoxicity in an 8-month-old infant. J Hepatol. 1990 Mar;10(2):235-9. doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(90)90058-y. PMID: 2332596. Reference #3: Di Mizio Di Mizio, G., Gambardella, A., Labate, A., Perna, A., Ricci, P., & Quattrone, (2007). Hepatonecrosis and cholangitis related to long-term phenobarbital therapy: An autopsy report of two patients. Seizure, 16(7), 653–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2007.05.008 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Zachary Banbury No relevant relationships by Michael Basir No relevant relationships by Inessa Bronshteyn No relevant relationships by Kyle Foster No relevant relationships by Anna-Belle Robertson

SO2 compliance monitoring and emission characteristics analysis of navigating ships: A case study of Shanghai waters in emission control areas, China

For the purpose of monitoring the emission compliance of navigating ships in key waters of Shanghai, the present study adopts a sniffing method involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform-based ship exhaust mini-sniffing system measuring the concentrations of SO2 and CO2 within the plumes of navigating ships, then estimating the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of ship. The proposed method aims to provide a low-cost, non-contact method to assess the compliance level of FSC of navigating ships. Experimental tests were performed on ships in the Yangtze River Estuary and the core section of the Huangpu River, the key waters of Shanghai. 679 ships were monitored in the experiment, of which 13 ships were monitored by UAV with FSC greater than 0.5% (m/m). Due to the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, 8 monitored ships were intercepted by maritime law enforcement(MLE), and fuel oil samples were collected and analyzed in laboratory. The results show that the FSC of the 8 ships was greater than the limit of 0.5% (m/m). Finally, the monitoring results are comprehensively analyzed according to different ship lengths, types, nationalities and water areas. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the FSC of Chinese cargo ships with length in the range of 80–160 m is more likely to exceed the standard 0.5%(m/m). The probability of exceeding the standard 0.5%(m/m) of navigating ships in the Yangtze River is higher than that of the Huangpu River. Overall, the presented study provides a reference for ship supervision in emission control areas (ECAs), which can improve the efficiency of MLE.

Long-term observations of the persistence of olfactory disorders after COVID-19 infection

Background An olfactory disorder is often described as a characteristic initial symptom in patients with COVID-19 infection. The long-term olfactory disorders after a COVID-19 infection have not yet been described in detail. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 infections on smelling. Methods Patients with persistent, subjective smell &/ taste disorders were examined by means of questionnaires, endoscopic examinations, as well as side-separated olfactory testing using sniffin- sticks (TDI) and taste testing. After initial presentation and initiation of olfactory training, structured controls were performed for 72 patients six, 12 and 18 weeks after initial consultation. Results On average, the patient presented seven months after the onset of symptoms. 70 % of the patients were female and in average patients were 40 years old. Parosmia was reported by 64 % of the patients at this point. An at least unilateral functional anosmia was observed in 24 % and at least unilateral hyposmia in 71 % of the patients. A difference of ≥ 5 points in TDI between the respective sides could be identified in 35 %. During the first (six weeks), second (12 weeks) and third (18 weeks) control 32 %, 9 % and 14 % of the patients showed an improvement in smell of ≥ 5 points in the TDI test using sniffing sticks, respectively. Discussion Persistence of an olfactory disorder in the sense of hyp-/anosmia and parosmia can occur in young, female patients after COVID-19 infection. A side difference in smell can occur due to certain individual anatomy and the entry of the virus. A small proportion of patients with persistent olfactory disorders show regeneration.

Dogs Detecting COVID-19 From Sweat and Saliva of Positive People: A Field Experience in Mexico.

Context: Molecular tests are useful in detecting COVID-19, but they are expensive in developing countries. COVID-19-sniffing dogs are an alternative due to their reported sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (>90%). However, most of the published evidence is experimental, and there is a need to determine the performance of the dogs in field conditions. Hence, we aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19-sniffing dogs in the field. Methods: We trained four dogs with sweat and three dogs with saliva of COVID-19-positive patients, respectively, for 4.5 months. The samples were obtained from a health center in Hermosillo, Sonora, with the restriction to spend 5 min per patient. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Two sweat-sniffing dogs reached 76 and 80% sensitivity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the random value of 50%, and 75 and 88% specificity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the 50% value. The 95% CI of the sensitivity and specificity of the other two sweat dogs overlapped the 50% value. Two saliva-sniffing dogs had 70 and 78% sensitivity, and the 95% CI of their sensitivity and specificity did not overlap the 50% value. The 95% CI of the third dog's sensitivity and specificity overlapped the 50% value. Conclusion: Four of the six dogs were able to detect positive samples of patients with COVID-19, with sensitivity and specificity values significantly different from random in the field. We considered the performance of the dogs promising because it is reasonable to expect that with gauze exposed for a longer time to sweat and saliva of people with COVID-19, their detection capacity would improve. The target is to reach the sensitivity range requested by the World Health Organization for the performance of an antigen test (≥80% sensitivity, ≥97% specificity). If so, dogs could become important allies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.